隨著軟件的界面設計的發展,人機交互的方式同過去也有了很大的不同,圖形用戶 界面,鼠標操作甚至語音等早已經率見不先了。但是在有一些程序中,還是要使用到 象過去那種老式的主機——終端那樣的字符型控制臺窗口式樣的界面。而實際上,在 Windows中也保留了這樣的一系列控制臺函數,下面的范例演示了如何建立控制臺窗口以及讓用戶在其中輸入字符同計算機進行交互對話。 首先在選VB菜單中的 Project | Module 項向工程文件中加入一個模塊,然后在 這個Module中加入以下代碼:
Option Explicit
Private Declare Function AllocConsole Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Private Declare Function FreeConsole Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Private Declare Function GetStdHandle Lib "kernel32" _ (ByVal nStdHandle As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function ReadConsole Lib "kernel32" Alias _ "ReadConsoleA" (ByVal hConsoleInput As Long, _ ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nNumberOfCharsToRead As Long, _ lpNumberOfCharsRead As Long, lpReserved As Any) As Long
Private Declare Function SetConsoleMode Lib "kernel32" (ByVal _ hConsoleOutput As Long, dwMode As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SetConsoleTextAttribute Lib _ "kernel32" (ByVal hConsoleOutput As Long, ByVal _ wAttributes As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SetConsoleTitle Lib "kernel32" Alias _ "SetConsoleTitleA" (ByVal lpConsoleTitle As String) As Long
Private Declare Function WriteConsole Lib "kernel32" Alias _ "WriteConsoleA" (ByVal hConsoleOutput As Long, _ ByVal lpBuffer As Any, ByVal nNumberOfCharsToWrite As Long, _ lpNumberOfCharsWritten As Long, lpReserved As Any) As Long
Private Const STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10& Private Const STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11& Private Const STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12&
Private Const FOREGROUND_BLUE = &H1 Private Const FOREGROUND_GREEN = &H2 Private Const FOREGROUND_RED = &H4 Private Const FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = &H8 Private Const BACKGROUND_BLUE = &H10 Private Const BACKGROUND_GREEN = &H20 Private Const BACKGROUND_RED = &H40 Private Const BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = &H80
'For SetConsoleMode (input) Private Const ENABLE_LINE_INPUT = &H2 Private Const ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT = &H4 Private Const ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT = &H10 Private Const ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT = &H1 Private Const ENABLE_WINDOW_INPUT = &H8 'For SetConsoleMode (output) Private Const ENABLE_PROCESSED_OUTPUT = &H1 Private Const ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT = &H2
'''''G L O B A L S''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Private hConsoleIn As Long ' The console's input handle Private hConsoleOut As Long ' The console's output handle Private hConsoleErr As Long ' The console's error handle
'''''M A I N''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Private Sub Main() Dim szUserInput As String
AllocConsole '建立一個控制臺窗口 SetConsoleTitle "VB Console Example" '設置窗口標題
'獲得控制窗口的句柄 hConsoleIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE) hConsoleOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE) hConsoleErr = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
SetConsoleTextAttribute hConsoleOut, _ FOREGROUND_RED Or FOREGROUND_GREEN _ Or FOREGROUND_BLUE Or FOREGROUND_INTENSITY _ Or BACKGROUND_BLUE
ConsolePrint "VB Console Example" & vbCrLf SetConsoleTextAttribute hConsoleOut, _ FOREGROUND_RED Or FOREGROUND_GREEN _ Or FOREGROUND_BLUE ConsolePrint "Please Enter Your Name Here--> "
'獲得用戶名 szUserInput = ConsoleRead() If Not szUserInput = vbNullString Then ConsolePrint "Hello, " & szUserInput & "!" & vbCrLf Else ConsolePrint "Hello,But who are you?" & vbCrLf End If
ConsolePrint "Press Enter To Close The Console" Call ConsoleRead
FreeConsole ' Destroy the console End Sub
Private Sub ConsolePrint(szOut As String) WriteConsole hConsoleOut, szOut, Len(szOut), vbNull, vbNull End Sub
Private Function ConsoleRead() As String Dim sUserInput As String * 256 Call ReadConsole(hConsoleIn, sUserInput, Len(sUserInput), vbNull, vbNull) 'Trim off the NULL charactors and the CRLF. ConsoleRead = Left$(sUserInput, InStr(sUserInput, Chr$(0)) - 3) End Function 選VB菜單中的 Project | Project1 Properties項,將Startup Object改變為Sub Main,然后 運行程序,程序就會彈出一個控制臺窗口,用戶可以根據控制臺窗口中的提示信息與程序進行交互 對話。 上面的程序在Win98、VB6下運行通過。
|